{"id":4080,"date":"2023-10-23T22:27:07","date_gmt":"2023-10-23T20:27:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/?p=4080"},"modified":"2023-11-16T06:44:47","modified_gmt":"2023-11-16T05:44:47","slug":"heilpraktiker-chiropraktik-ueber-grosse-und-kleine-heilpraktiker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/sk\/2023\/10\/23\/heilpraktiker-chiropraktik-ueber-grosse-und-kleine-heilpraktiker\/","title":{"rendered":"\"Heilpraktiker Chiropraktik\" - o ve\u013ek\u00fdch a mal\u00fdch alternat\u00edvnych lek\u00e1roch"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Manipul\u00e1cia kr\u010dnej chrbtice \/ Obr\u00e1zok: licencia Pixabay<\/p>\n

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Syst\u00e9m Heilpraktiker pozn\u00e1 \"ve\u013ek\u00e9\" a niektor\u00e9 \"mal\u00e9\" Heilpraktiker - t\u00fdm sa mysl\u00ed, \u017ee okrem \"v\u0161eobecn\u00fdch\" Heilpraktiker existuj\u00fa aj licencie, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa obmedzen\u00e9 na \u0161pecifick\u00fa formu terapie: sektorov\u00e9 alebo \"mal\u00e9\" Heilpraktiker. Doteraz tak\u00e9to \"sektorov\u00e9\" licencie existovali len pre oblas\u0165 psychoterapie a fyzioterapie.<\/p>\n

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Tieto sektorov\u00e9 licencie boli zam\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00e9 ako \"n\u00fadzov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie\", ktor\u00e9 malo umo\u017eni\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00fdm profesijn\u00fdm skupin\u00e1m vykon\u00e1va\u0165 kvalifikovan\u00e9 povolanie s priamym pr\u00edstupom k pacientom. Kon\u0161trukcia vznikla na z\u00e1klade skuto\u010dnosti, \u017ee \u0161tudovan\u00ed psychol\u00f3govia a psychoterapeuti - t. j. odborne kvalifikovan\u00e9 osoby - bez lek\u00e1rskej kvalifik\u00e1cie nemali v tom \u010dase priamy pr\u00edstup k pacientom. Vy\u0161tudovan\u00ed fyzioterapeuti argumentovali podobne a potom tie\u017e dostali svoje \"sektorov\u00e9 opr\u00e1vnenie\".<\/p>\n

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P\u00f4vodn\u00fdm cie\u013eom bolo umo\u017eni\u0165 kvalifikovan\u00fdm profesijn\u00fdm skupin\u00e1m pr\u00edstup na trh poskytovate\u013eov slu\u017eieb. Realizova\u0165 to v\u0161ak sp\u00f4sobom, ktor\u00fd je syst\u00e9mu v podstate cudz\u00ed, vytvoren\u00edm \"odno\u017e\u00ed\" syst\u00e9mu nelek\u00e1rskych profesi\u00ed, ktor\u00fd bol v\u017edy kritizovan\u00fd, bolo prinajmen\u0161om ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e9. Tak\u00e9to obavy by mohli n\u00e1js\u0165 zmyslupln\u00fa podobu v komplexnom \"z\u00e1kone o zdravotn\u00edckych povolaniach\", o ktorom sa vlastne diskutuje u\u017e desa\u0165ro\u010dia, ale zatia\u013e bez hmatate\u013en\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledku.<\/p>\n

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V\u00fdkvet tejto kon\u0161trukcie sa uk\u00e1zal, ke\u010f z\u00e1kon o psychoterapeutoch z roku 1999 vytvoril \"pevn\u00fa\" mo\u017enos\u0165 pre psychol\u00f3gov a psychoterapeutov, ktor\u00ed nie s\u00fa lek\u00e1rmi, vykon\u00e1va\u0165 svoje povolanie, \u010d\u00edm sa naplnil ich hlavn\u00fd z\u00e1ujem. V \u017eiadnom pr\u00edpade to v\u0161ak neznamenalo zru\u0161enie \"Heilpraktiker Psychotherapie\" (nelek\u00e1rskeho psychoterapeuta), ktor\u00e1 sa vlastne stala zastaranou. D\u00f4sledkom je, \u017ee dnes t\u00fato medzeru vyp\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed nemaj\u00fa skuto\u010dn\u00fa odborn\u00fa kvalifik\u00e1ciu na lie\u010dbu du\u0161evn\u00fdch chor\u00f4b, t. j. aj v tejto oblasti sa etabluje laick\u00e1 medic\u00edna. Je to ve\u013emi problematick\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia, a to nielen z n\u00e1\u0161ho poh\u013eadu, ako d\u00f4sledok nedbalosti a nedostatkov v legislat\u00edvnom spracovan\u00ed komplexu nelek\u00e1rskych lek\u00e1rov.<\/p>\n

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V tejto s\u00favislosti odkazujeme na podcast \"Grams' Sprechstunde\" s epiz\u00f3dou \"Terapia bez tr\u00e9ningu\" v \u010dasti https:\/\/detektor.fm\/wissen\/grams-sprechstunde-heilpraktiker-und-psychotherapie<\/a> .<\/p>\n

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T\u00fa\u017eba<\/strong><\/h2>\n

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Dlho vyh\u00fdban\u00fd krok smerom k \"sektorov\u00fdm\" alternat\u00edvnym lek\u00e1rom vzbudil - neprekvapivo - chtivos\u0165. Napr\u00edklad osteopatia sa pova\u017euje za pseudomet\u00f3du a nepatr\u00ed do k\u00e1nonu medic\u00edny zalo\u017eenej na d\u00f4kazoch, ale niektor\u00e9 zdravotn\u00e9 pois\u0165ovne ju dobrovo\u013ene prepl\u00e1caj\u00fa, ak ju pou\u017e\u00edva lek\u00e1r. Osteopatia je s\u00fadne uznan\u00e1 (OLG D\u00fcsseldorf) ako \"Heilkunde\", \u010do v\u0161ak znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ju m\u00f4\u017eu vykon\u00e1va\u0165 len lek\u00e1ri a osoby, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa lek\u00e1rmi.<\/p>\n

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Osteopati v\u0161ak mali na mysli viac. Na poslednej in\u0161tancii na Spolkovom spr\u00e1vnom s\u00fade v\u0161ak neuspeli so svojou \u017eiados\u0165ou o zriadenie sektorovej \"Heilpraktiker Osteopathie\" (alternat\u00edvni lek\u00e1ri vykon\u00e1vaj\u00faci osteopatiu) - \u010do malo by\u0165 pravdepodobne ak\u00fdmsi medzistup\u0148om k deklarovan\u00e9mu cie\u013eu, ktor\u00fdm je vytvorenie samostatn\u00e9ho profesijn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona pre osteopatov (obdoba z\u00e1kona o psychoterapeutoch) a niekedy aj uzn\u00e1van\u00e9ho \u0161pecializa\u010dn\u00e9ho vzdel\u00e1vania. Odmietnutie \"HP osteopatia\" sa v podstate zakladalo na argumente, \u017ee neexistuje jednotn\u00fd a zrozumite\u013en\u00fd \"k\u00e1non\" met\u00f3d a princ\u00edpov, v r\u00e1mci ktor\u00e9ho by bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 adekv\u00e1tne definova\u0165 \"osteopatiu\". \u010co je pravda.<\/p>\n

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Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si viac:
https:\/\/www.quarks.de\/gesundheit\/medizin\/wie-hilfreich-ist-osteopathie\/<\/a><\/p>\n

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Celkovo ide o menej uspokojiv\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu - pre v\u0161etky strany. Ale je to e\u0161te hor\u0161ie.<\/p>\n

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V j\u00fani 2023 vydal Spr\u00e1vny s\u00fad B\u00e1denska-W\u00fcrttemberska v odvolacom konan\u00ed po vr\u00e1ten\u00ed veci Spolkov\u00fdm spr\u00e1vnym s\u00fadom toto rozhodnutie:<\/p>\n

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Licenciu Heilpraktiker mo\u017eno udeli\u0165 s obmedzen\u00edm na oblas\u0165 \u010dinnosti chiropraktika s akademick\u00fdm vzdelan\u00edm<\/strong>. (https:\/\/openjur.de\/u\/2472113.html<\/a> )<\/p>\n

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Chiropraktika ako predmet sektorovej licencie Heilpraktiker?<\/p>\n

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Chiropraxiu, napriek jej celosvetov\u00e9mu roz\u0161\u00edreniu, treba zaradi\u0165 medzi pseudomedic\u00ednu. Jej z\u00e1klady s\u00fa ezoterick\u00e9 a nevedeck\u00e9, jej z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 predpoklady (\"odstr\u00e1nenie sublux\u00e1ci\u00ed\") s\u00fa nepodlo\u017een\u00e9. Predov\u0161etk\u00fdm ju v\u0161ak mo\u017eno opr\u00e1vnene pova\u017eova\u0165 za azda najnebezpe\u010dnej\u0161iu pseudolie\u010debn\u00fa met\u00f3du, preto\u017ee medic\u00ednsky pr\u00ednos, ktor\u00fd sa nikdy nepodarilo preuk\u00e1za\u0165, je vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fd ve\u013emi konkr\u00e9tnym vysok\u00fdm rizikom: zdokumentovan\u00fdch je nieko\u013eko stoviek \u00famrt\u00ed v d\u00f4sledku lie\u010dby. Zaradenie medzi pseudolie\u010debn\u00e9 met\u00f3dy v\u0161ak zohralo na s\u00fade rovnako mal\u00fa rozhoduj\u00facu \u00falohu ako potenci\u00e1lne nebezpe\u010denstvo spojen\u00e9 s chiropraktikou. Ako je to mo\u017en\u00e9?<\/p>\n

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Prvostup\u0148ov\u00e9 rozhodnutie, ktor\u00e9 bolo pre chiropraktiku negat\u00edvne, \u00fazko nadv\u00e4zovalo na od\u00f4vodnenie, ktor\u00fdm bola osteopatii zamietnut\u00e1 \"sektorov\u00e1 Heilpraktiker\": nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 jednotnos\u0165 k\u00e1nonu met\u00f3d a indik\u00e1ci\u00ed a ich nedostato\u010dn\u00e9 vymedzenie vo\u010di in\u00fdm lie\u010dite\u013esk\u00fdm profesi\u00e1m. Spr\u00e1vny s\u00fad to neakceptoval; odborn\u00fd profil \"chiropraktika\" pova\u017eoval za dostato\u010dne definovan\u00fd a vymedzen\u00fd. Odvolal sa pritom na rozsudok Spolkov\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vneho s\u00fadu z roku 2021 (3 C 17.19<\/a>), ktor\u00fd stanovuje krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 pre pojem \"delimit\u00e1cia\" - a t\u00fdm v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku p\u00f4sob\u00ed proti vlastn\u00e9mu negat\u00edvnemu hodnoteniu v neprospech samotnej osteopatie. \u010co otv\u00e1ra dvere do\u0161iroka pre nov\u00fd pokus osteopatov.<\/p>\n

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Pr\u00e1vna situ\u00e1cia v oblasti medic\u00ednskej praxe sa tak v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti stala nato\u013eko nepreh\u013eadnou, \u017ee samotn\u00e9 zaradenie met\u00f3d pod pojem \"medic\u00edna\" - bez oh\u013eadu na ich opodstatnenos\u0165, pr\u00ednosy alebo rizik\u00e1 - pr\u00e1vne znamen\u00e1, \u017ee de facto musia by\u0165 poskytnut\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1tne z\u00e1ruky pre skuto\u010dn\u00e9 vykon\u00e1vanie tak\u00fdchto met\u00f3d v nemedic\u00ednskom sektore. To by bola kvintesencia tohto pr\u00edpadu - ktor\u00fd ukazuje, ako ve\u013emi potrebuje reformu pr\u00e1vna \u00faprava \"v\u00fdkonu lek\u00e1rskej praxe\", najm\u00e4 v sektore nelek\u00e1rskych lek\u00e1rov. To je nepochybne v rozpore so z\u00e1mermi ochrany pacientov a posilnenia zdravotnej gramotnosti.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Preto pova\u017eujeme za naliehavo potrebn\u00e9 post\u00fapi\u0165 tento komplex z\u00e1konodarcovi a vyrie\u0161i\u0165 ho prostredn\u00edctvom kon\u0161trukt\u00edvneho \"z\u00e1kona o zdravotn\u00edckych povolaniach\", a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby sa prostredn\u00edctvom licencovania zdravotn\u00edckych povolan\u00ed \"nezu\u0161\u013each\u0165ovala\" pseudomedic\u00edna. Presne to sa deje v tomto pr\u00edpade.<\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/p>\n

Postskriptum: Vyvst\u00e1va ot\u00e1zka, \u010do s\u00fad mysl\u00ed pod pojmom \"s akademick\u00fdm vzdelan\u00edm\". To znamen\u00e1 absolvovanie akreditovan\u00e9ho \u0161tudijn\u00e9ho programu na akreditovanej vysokej \u0161kole v pr\u00edslu\u0161nom odbore. Tak\u00e9to \u0161tudijn\u00e9 programy skuto\u010dne existuj\u00fa na s\u00fakromn\u00fdch vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa ako tak\u00e9 akreditovan\u00e9, a preto m\u00f4\u017eu pon\u00faka\u0165 aj kvalifikovan\u00e9 \u0161tudijn\u00e9 programy a tituly.
To, \u017ee je to mo\u017en\u00e9, je politick\u00e9 rozhodnutie org\u00e1nov vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9ho vzdel\u00e1vania. Ak s\u00fa v\u0161ak predmetom akreditovan\u00fdch \u0161tudijn\u00fdch programov vedecky neoveren\u00e9 terapeutick\u00e9 postupy v spektre medzi pochybn\u00fdmi a nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi, domnievame sa, \u017ee to z\u00e1sadne ovplyv\u0148uje ochranu pacienta.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Syst\u00e9m alternat\u00edvnych lek\u00e1rov uzn\u00e1va \"ve\u013ek\u00fdch\" a niektor\u00fdch \"mal\u00fdch\" alternat\u00edvnych lek\u00e1rov - to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee okrem \"v\u0161eobecn\u00fdch\" alternat\u00edvnych lek\u00e1rov existuj\u00fa aj licencie, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa obmedzen\u00e9 na konkr\u00e9tnu formu terapie: sektorov\u00ed alebo \"mal\u00ed\" alternat\u00edvni lek\u00e1ri. Predt\u00fdm tak\u00e9to \"sektorov\u00e9\" licencie existovali len pre oblas\u0165 psychoterapie a fyzioterapie. Tieto sektorov\u00e9 licencie boli ur\u010den\u00e9 ako \"n\u00fadzov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie\" pre [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4081,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[67,69,43],"class_list":["post-4080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-heil-und-arzneimittel-therapien","tag-heilpraktiker","tag-heilpraktikergesetz","tag-pseudomedizin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4080"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4080\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4141,"href":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4080\/revisions\/4141"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4081"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}