{"id":4080,"date":"2023-10-23T22:27:07","date_gmt":"2023-10-23T20:27:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/?p=4080"},"modified":"2023-11-16T06:44:47","modified_gmt":"2023-11-16T05:44:47","slug":"heilpraktiker-chiropraktik-ueber-grosse-und-kleine-heilpraktiker","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/cs\/2023\/10\/23\/heilpraktiker-chiropraktik-ueber-grosse-und-kleine-heilpraktiker\/","title":{"rendered":"\"Heilpraktiker Chiropraktik\" - o velk\u00fdch a mal\u00fdch alternativn\u00edch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u00edch"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Manipulace kr\u010dn\u00ed p\u00e1te\u0159e \/ Obr\u00e1zek: licence Pixabay<\/p>\n

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Syst\u00e9m Heilpraktiker zn\u00e1 \"velk\u00e9\" a n\u011bkter\u00e9 \"mal\u00e9\" Heilpraktiker - t\u00edm je my\u0161leno, \u017ee krom\u011b \"obecn\u00fdch\" Heilpraktiker existuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 licence, kter\u00e9 jsou omezeny na ur\u010ditou formu terapie: oborov\u00e9 nebo \"mal\u00e9\" Heilpraktiker. Doposud takov\u00e9 \"sektorov\u00e9\" licence existovaly pouze pro obory psychoterapie a fyzioterapie.<\/p>\n

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Tyto odv\u011btvov\u00e9 licence byly zam\u00fd\u0161leny jako \"nouzov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed\", kter\u00e9 m\u011blo ur\u010dit\u00fdm profesn\u00edm skupin\u00e1m umo\u017enit vykon\u00e1vat jejich povol\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem k pacient\u016fm. Konstrukt vznikl na z\u00e1klad\u011b skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee studovan\u00fdm psycholog\u016fm a psychoterapeut\u016fm - tedy odborn\u011b kvalifikovan\u00fdm osob\u00e1m - bez l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 kvalifikace byl v t\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k pacient\u016fm odep\u0159en. Podobn\u011b argumentovali i vy\u0161kolen\u00ed fyzioterapeuti, kte\u0159\u00ed pak rovn\u011b\u017e z\u00edskali \"oborov\u00e9 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed\".<\/p>\n

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P\u016fvodn\u00edm c\u00edlem bylo umo\u017enit kvalifikovan\u00fdm profesn\u00edm skupin\u00e1m p\u0159\u00edstup na trh poskytovatel\u016f slu\u017eeb. Realizovat to v\u0161ak zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd je syst\u00e9mu v podstat\u011b ciz\u00ed, vytvo\u0159en\u00edm \"odno\u017e\u00ed\" syst\u00e9mu nel\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch zdravotnick\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00fd byl v\u017edy kritizov\u00e1n, bylo p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e9. Tyto obavy by mohly naj\u00edt smysluplnou podobu v komplexn\u00edm \"z\u00e1kon\u011b o zdravotnick\u00fdch povol\u00e1n\u00edch\", o kter\u00e9m se skute\u010dn\u011b diskutuje ji\u017e des\u00edtky let, ale zat\u00edm bez hmatateln\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledku.<\/p>\n

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V\u00fdkv\u011bt t\u00e9to konstrukce se projevil, kdy\u017e z\u00e1kon o psychoterapeutech z roku 1999 vytvo\u0159il \"solidn\u00ed\" mo\u017enost pro nel\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 psychology a psychoterapeuty vykon\u00e1vat sv\u00e9 povol\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vy\u0161el vst\u0159\u00edc jejich hlavn\u00edmu z\u00e1jmu. V \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b to v\u0161ak neznamenalo zru\u0161en\u00ed \"Heilpraktiker Psychotherapie\" (nel\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho psychoterapeuta), kter\u00e1 se vlastn\u011b stala zastaralou. D\u016fsledkem je, \u017ee dnes tuto mezeru zapl\u0148uj\u00ed lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed nemaj\u00ed skute\u010dnou odbornou kvalifikaci pro l\u00e9\u010dbu du\u0161evn\u00edch nemoc\u00ed, tj. i v t\u00e9to oblasti se etabluje laick\u00e1 medic\u00edna. To je nejen z na\u0161eho pohledu velmi problematick\u00e1 situace, kter\u00e1 je d\u016fsledkem nedbalosti a nedostate\u010dn\u00e9ho legislativn\u00edho o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed komplexu nel\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch zdravotnick\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n

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V t\u00e9to souvislosti odkazujeme na podcast \"Grams' Sprechstunde\" s epizodou \"Terapie bez tr\u00e9ninku\" v sekci https:\/\/detektor.fm\/wissen\/grams-sprechstunde-heilpraktiker-und-psychotherapie<\/a> .<\/p>\n

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Touha<\/strong><\/h2>\n

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Dlouho vyh\u00fdban\u00fd krok sm\u011brem k \"oborov\u00fdm\" alternativn\u00edm l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016fm vzbudil - nep\u0159ekvapiv\u011b - chtivost. Nap\u0159\u00edklad osteopatie je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za pseudometodu a nepat\u0159\u00ed do k\u00e1nonu medic\u00edny zalo\u017een\u00e9 na d\u016fkazech, ale je dobrovoln\u011b propl\u00e1cena n\u011bkter\u00fdmi zdravotn\u00edmi poji\u0161\u0165ovnami, pokud ji pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159. Osteopatie je soudn\u011b uzn\u00e1na (OLG D\u00fcsseldorf) jako \"Heilkunde\", co\u017e v\u0161ak znamen\u00e1 pouze to, \u017ee ji mohou provozovat pouze l\u00e9ka\u0159i a nel\u00e9ka\u0159i.<\/p>\n

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Osteopat\u00e9 v\u0161ak m\u011bli na mysli v\u00edce. U Spolkov\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vn\u00edho soudu v\u0161ak v posledn\u00ed instanci neusp\u011bli se svou \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed sektorov\u00e9 \"Heilpraktiker Osteopathie\" (alternativn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i osteopatie) - pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se m\u011blo jednat o jak\u00fdsi mezikrok k deklarovan\u00e9mu c\u00edli, j\u00edm\u017e je z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed samostatn\u00e9ho profesn\u00edho z\u00e1kona pro osteopaty (obdoba z\u00e1kona o psychoterapeutech) a n\u011bkdy tak\u00e9 uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 specializa\u010dn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Odm\u00edtnut\u00ed \"HP osteopatie\" bylo v podstat\u011b zalo\u017eeno na argumentu, \u017ee neexistuje jednotn\u00fd a srozumiteln\u00fd \"k\u00e1non\" metod a princip\u016f, podle kter\u00e9ho by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 \"osteopatii\" adekv\u00e1tn\u011b definovat. Co\u017e je pravda.<\/p>\n

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P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si v\u00edce:
https:\/\/www.quarks.de\/gesundheit\/medizin\/wie-hilfreich-ist-osteopathie\/<\/a><\/p>\n

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Celkov\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 uspokojivou situaci - pro v\u0161echny strany. Ale je to je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

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V \u010dervnu 2023 vydal spr\u00e1vn\u00ed soud B\u00e1denska-W\u00fcrttemberska v odvolac\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed po vr\u00e1cen\u00ed v\u011bci Spolkov\u00fdm spr\u00e1vn\u00edm soudem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed:<\/p>\n

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Licence Heilpraktiker m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ud\u011blena s omezen\u00edm na obor \u010dinnosti chiropraktika s akademick\u00fdm vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/strong>. (https:\/\/openjur.de\/u\/2472113.html<\/a> )<\/p>\n

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Chiropraktika jako p\u0159edm\u011bt sektorov\u00e9 licence Heilpraktiker?<\/p>\n

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Chiropraxe je navzdory sv\u00e9mu celosv\u011btov\u00e9mu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1na za pseudol\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed. Jej\u00ed z\u00e1klady jsou esoterick\u00e9 a nev\u011bdeck\u00e9, jej\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady (\"odstran\u011bn\u00ed subluxac\u00ed\") nepodlo\u017een\u00e9. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ji v\u0161ak lze opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b pova\u017eovat za snad nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pseudol\u00e9ka\u0159skou metodu, proto\u017ee nikdy neprok\u00e1zan\u00fd medic\u00ednsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos je vyv\u00e1\u017een zcela konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm vysok\u00fdm rizikem: je zdokumentov\u00e1no n\u011bkolik set \u00famrt\u00ed v d\u016fsledku l\u00e9\u010dby. Za\u0159azen\u00ed mezi pseudol\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 metody v\u0161ak u soudu hr\u00e1lo stejn\u011b malou rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed roli jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed spojen\u00e9 s chiropraktikou. Jak je to mo\u017en\u00e9?<\/p>\n

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Prvostup\u0148ov\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo pro chiropraxi negativn\u00ed, \u00fazce navazovalo na od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00fdm byla osteopatii odep\u0159ena \"sektorov\u00e1 Heilpraktiker\": nejednotnost k\u00e1nonu metod a indikac\u00ed a jejich nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 vymezen\u00ed v\u016f\u010di ostatn\u00edm l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdm profes\u00edm. Spr\u00e1vn\u00ed soud toto neakceptoval; profesn\u00ed profil \"chiropraktika\" pova\u017eoval za dostate\u010dn\u011b definovan\u00fd a vymezen\u00fd. Odk\u00e1zal p\u0159itom na rozsudek Spolkov\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vn\u00edho soudu z roku 2021 (3 C 17.19<\/a>), kter\u00fd stanovuje krit\u00e9ria pro pojem \"vymezitelnost\" - a t\u00edm v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku p\u016fsob\u00ed proti sv\u00e9mu vlastn\u00edmu negativn\u00edmu hodnocen\u00ed v neprosp\u011bch samotn\u00e9 osteopatie. Co\u017e otev\u00edr\u00e1 dve\u0159e doko\u0159\u00e1n pro nov\u00fd pokus osteopat\u016f.<\/p>\n

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Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed situace v oblasti l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 praxe se tak stala natolik nep\u0159ehlednou, \u017ee pouh\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed metod pod pojem \"l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed\" - bez ohledu na jejich platnost, p\u0159\u00ednosy \u010di rizika - pr\u00e1vn\u011b znamen\u00e1, \u017ee fakticky mus\u00ed b\u00fdt poskytnuty st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1ruky pro skute\u010dn\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto metod v nel\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9m sektoru. To by byla kvintesence tohoto p\u0159\u00edpadu - kter\u00fd ukazuje, jak pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 je reforma pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravy \"v\u00fdkonu l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 praxe\", zejm\u00e9na v sektoru nel\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f. To je nepochybn\u011b v rozporu se z\u00e1m\u011bry ochrany pacient\u016f a posilov\u00e1n\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed gramotnosti.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Pova\u017eujeme proto za nal\u00e9hav\u011b nutn\u00e9 p\u0159edat tento komplex z\u00e1konod\u00e1rci a \u0159e\u0161it jej prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm konstruktivn\u00edho \"z\u00e1kona o zdravotnick\u00fdch povol\u00e1n\u00edch\" a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zajistit, aby prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm licencov\u00e1n\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fdch povol\u00e1n\u00ed nedo\u0161lo k \"zu\u0161lecht\u011bn\u00ed\" pseudol\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed. P\u0159esn\u011b to se d\u011bje v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b.<\/p>\n

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Postskriptum: Vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, co soud mysl\u00ed slovy \"s akademick\u00fdm vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00edm\". T\u00edm se rozum\u00ed absolvov\u00e1n\u00ed akreditovan\u00e9ho studijn\u00edho programu na akreditovan\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 \u0161kole v p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9m oboru. Takov\u00e9 studijn\u00ed programy skute\u010dn\u011b existuj\u00ed na soukrom\u00fdch vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 jsou jako takov\u00e9 akreditov\u00e1ny, a proto mohou nab\u00edzet i kvalifikovan\u00e9 studijn\u00ed programy a tituly.
To, \u017ee je to mo\u017en\u00e9, je politick\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f vysok\u00e9ho \u0161kolstv\u00ed. Pokud jsou v\u0161ak p\u0159edm\u011btem akreditovan\u00fdch studijn\u00edch program\u016f v\u011bdecky neov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 postupy ve spektru mezi pochybn\u00fdmi a nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi, domn\u00edv\u00e1me se, \u017ee to z\u00e1sadn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje ochranu pacient\u016f.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Syst\u00e9m alternativn\u00edch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 \"velk\u00e9\" a n\u011bkter\u00e9 \"mal\u00e9\" alternativn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159e - to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee krom\u011b \"obecn\u00fdch\" alternativn\u00edch l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f existuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 licence, kter\u00e9 jsou omezeny na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed formu terapie: oborov\u00ed nebo \"mal\u00ed\" alternativn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i. D\u0159\u00edve takov\u00e9 \"sektorov\u00e9\" licence existovaly pouze pro obory psychoterapie a fyzioterapie. Tyto sektorov\u00e9 licence byly zam\u00fd\u0161leny jako \"nouzov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed\" pro [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4081,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[67,69,43],"class_list":["post-4080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-heil-und-arzneimittel-therapien","tag-heilpraktiker","tag-heilpraktikergesetz","tag-pseudomedizin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4080"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4080\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4141,"href":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4080\/revisions\/4141"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4081"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/euroconsum.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}